cocaine alters the way the genes in your brain operate

It's hardly a secret that taking cocaine can change the way you feel and the way you behave. Now, a study published in the Jan. 8 issue of Science shows how it also alters the way the genes in your brain operate. Understanding this process could eventually lead to new treatments for the 1.4 million Americans with cocaine problems, and millions more around the world. The study, which was conducted on mice, is part of a hot new area of research called epigenetics, which explores how experiences and environmental exposures affect genes. "This is a major step in understanding the development of cocaine addiction and a first step toward generating ideas for how we might use epigenetic regulation to modulate the development of addiction," says Peter Kalivas, professor of neuroscience at the Medical University of South Carolina, who was not associated with the study. Though we think about our genes mostly in terms of the traits we pass on to our children, they are actually very active in our lives every day, regulating how various cells in our bodies behave. In the brain this can be especially powerful. Any significant experience triggers changes in brain genes that produce proteins — those necessary to help memories form, for example. But, says the study's lead author, Ian Maze, a doctoral student at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, "when you give an animal a single dose of cocaine, you start to have genes aberrantly turn on and off in a strange pattern that we are still trying to figure out." Maze's research focused on a particular protein called G9a that is associated with cocaine-related changes in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region essential for the experience of desire, pleasure and drive. The role of the protein appears to be to shut down genes that shouldn't be on. One-time use of cocaine increases levels of G9a. But repeated use works the other way, suppressing the protein and reducing its overall control of gene activation. Without enough G9a, those overactive genes cause brain cells to generate more dendritic spines, which are the parts of cells that make connections to other cells.
Increases in the number of these spines can reflect learning. But in the case of addiction, that may involve learning to connect a place or a person with the desire for more drugs. Maze showed that even after a week of abstinence, mice given a new dose of cocaine still had elevated levels of gene activation in the nucleus accumbens, meaning G9a levels were still low. It is not known how long these changes can last. Maze also showed that when he intervened and raised G9a levels, the mice were less attracted to cocaine.
It's a big leap from a mouse study to a human study, of course — and an even bigger leap to consider developing a G9a-based treatment for addiction. The protein regulates so many genes that such a drug would almost certainly have unwanted and potentially deadly side effects. But a better understanding of the G9a pathways could lead to the development of safer, more specific drugs. And studying the genes that control G9a itself could also help screen people at risk for cocaine addiction: those with naturally lower levels of the protein would be the ones to watch. Still, there's a lot to be learned even from further mouse studies — particularly if the work involves younger mice, unlike the adults used in Maze's research.

"We know that the greatest vulnerability [to addiction] occurs when adolescents are exposed," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, which funded the study. "Would you see the same results in adolescent [mice]? And what happens during fetal exposure?"

New treatments are definitely needed for cocaine addiction: there are helpful medications for addiction to heroin and similar drugs, but so far, none are particularly useful against stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine. And with federal reports now showing that more than two-thirds of all cocaine in the country is cut with a veterinary deworming drug called levamisole, which can cause potentially fatal immune-system problems, the risks from cocaine are greater — and the search for new answers more urgent than ever.

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We were theorizing that maybe it was something in the cocaine, levamisole

It was a medical mystery. In the summer of 2008, a man and woman, both in their 20s and both cocaine users, were separately admitted to a Canadian hospital with unremitting fevers, flulike symptoms and dangerously low white blood cell counts. Their symptoms were consistent with a life-threatening immune-system disorder called agranulocytosis, which kills 7% to 10% of patients and is rare except in chemotherapy patients and those taking certain antipsychotic medications.Neither of the Canadian patients fit that bill, but they did have one thing in common: illegal drug use, says Dr. Nancy Zhu, who treated the patients during her hematology fellowship at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton. "We were theorizing that maybe it was something in the cocaine," she says. The medical literature didn't contain any studies linking agranulocytosis with cocaine. However, earlier that same year, in April, a New Mexico lab had identified a small number of unexplained cases of the disorder, also in people who had snorted, injected or smoked cocaine. Later, in 2009, a few cocaine addicts in San Francisco — crack smokers, mostly — began displaying even stranger symptoms, like dead, darkened skin. "It looked like people were getting burns all over their body," says Dr. Jonathan Graf, a rheumatologist at the University of California, San Francisco. "[Their skin was] black, as if you had taken a cigarette butt to it. In some people, it was all over, on their legs and bellies."By this time, back in Canada, a toxicologist at Alberta Hospital had noticed an unusual chemical in the urine of the two cocaine-using patients: levamisole. Zhu contacted him and they put the puzzle together. Further research revealed that levamisole, a drug that was once used to treat colon cancer but is now reserved for veterinary use as a medication to get rid of worms, can cause agranulocytosis in humans. The "burns" seen in Californian patients, who were also suffering from agranulocytosis, were the result of skin infections related to patients' compromised immunity. There have now been several dozen cases of cocaine-related agranulocytosis reported in North America — and one known death. "For some reason, this drug called levamisole keeps popping up," Zhu says. Where is it coming from? According to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, levamisole has become increasingly popular as a "cut" or diluting agent in cocaine and possibly some heroin. It is now found in 70% of all cocaine seized in the United States, up from 30% in 2008. Unlike most cuts — usually inert or relatively harmless substances like the B-vitamin inositol, which are added by lower-level dealers looking to stretch supplies — levamisole appears to be added to cocaine from the outset, in the countries of origin. The substance has been found in various concentrations in cocaine analyzed in various countries around the world, from Switzerland to Australia. And urine tests of cocaine users attending a drug clinic in San Francisco General Hospital in 2009 — one floor above Graf's office — found that 90% of samples were positive for levamisole; similar tests in Seattle revealed that 80% of cocaine users there had levamisole in their systems too."If it's showing up in all those different places, that's a prima facie indicator that it's happening at the highest levels of production," says Craig Reinarman, a sociologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz who has long studied cocaine. But since cocaine is illegal, there's no easy way to remove levamisole from the supply chain. Law enforcement could instead target large purchasers, possibly putting pressure on dealers to switch to other cuts.

Levamisole is cheap, widely available and seems to have the right look, taste and melting point to go unnoticed by cocaine users, which may alone account for the popularity of the cut.

"Ease of availability seems likely to be important," says Reinarman. "Let's remember that producer countries are widely agrarian." Levamisole is used on farms and its cost per gram is minimal.An understanding of how levamisole affects the body, however, may better explain its explosive popularity. A 1998 paper found that levamisole relieved symptoms of heroin withdrawal in rats and also raised levels of various brain chemicals related to drug highs. "It may increase dopamine and by so doing may enhance cocaine effects," speculates Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research conducted by Eldo Kuzhikandathil, assistant professor of pharmacology at University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, suggests that levamisole may indirectly increase the number of D1 dopamine receptors in the brain by affecting gene expression there. "Cocaine increases D1 expression," he says, "And this would probably accentuate that," which could enhance both highs and craving.Levamisole also affects acetylcholine receptors throughout the body, which can boost heart rate — and studies of cocaine users show that they associate jumps in heart rate with getting high, spurring good feelings even before the drug hits the brain. A cut that accelerates heart rate might make them think that they're getting the real thing. In the brain, levamisole may affect the same acetylcholine receptors activated by nicotine, another addictive drug that raises dopamine levels — and another possible clue to levamisole's lure.
But despite the wide use of levamisole, cases of agranulocytosis are relatively uncommon. According to government surveys, nearly two million Americans have taken cocaine at least once in the last month. "Why aren't 90% of cocaine users [in San Francisco] getting sick?" says Graf, who says he sees about one case every few weeks, mostly in women. He suspects that men are less likely to be affected because they are less vulnerable to autoimmune disorders than women, but says that the truth is, no one really knows why certain users become ill. Zhu and Graf urge users who are suffering from fever or unexplained infections to seek medical help immediately — the sooner agranulocytosis is treated, the greater the odds of survival.



To both physicians, the biggest mystery may be the power of cocaine addiction itself. Some of Graf's patients waited months before seeking help, as patches of painful, blackened skin continued to grow — and some continued to use cocaine despite learning that it caused their immune problems and that they could require plastic surgery to avoid permanent disfigurement. Zhu has treated several patients with life-threatening infections, some needing breathing tubes and intensive care. "It's quite sad, every time they use [cocaine], it happens. They wind up in the hospital for several weeks and almost die. But as soon as they go home and back into that environment, the cycle begins again."

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Karl Barnes, 19, had been given a glowing progress report from Castington young offenders’ institution

Karl Barnes, 19, had been given a glowing progress report from Castington young offenders’ institution, Teesside Crown Court was told.Barnes, from South Bank, successfully completed a drug and alcohol abuse programme, and he was assessed as “polite” and “respectful”.He was arrested after he was spotted trying the door handles of five houses in Park Avenue, Teesville, after midnight on December 18. Barnes told police later: “I was off my head.”He had many previous convictions for dishonesty, and been sentenced to detention and training for robbery, the court heard yesterday.Richard Herrmann, defending, said: “He now realises it is his time to mature. He had taken drink and drugs and he has no recollection of where he was or what he was doing.”Barnes of Upper Princess Street, pleaded guilty to burglary with intent to steal on December 18.Judge Peter Bowers told him: “It seems to me that from the letter I have got from the prison officer that you are getting a lot of help in Castington."It seems to me that when you are not in custody your compliance with any probation and intervention is intermittent.” Barnes was sentenced to 12 months detention in a young offenders’ institution.The judge added: “You will be released after half of that, and perhaps you can sort your life out.”

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massive stash of amphetamines with a street value of £180,000

Cleveland Police made the discovery while searching a garage in Hartlepool last Friday.

Inside they found a massive stash of amphetamines with a street value of £180,000.
A search warrant was executed at a house on the town’s Irvine Road at 7.45am where officers found thousands of pounds in cash and an amount of suspected Class B drugs.Further inquiries led them to search a garage block near Innes Road in the town where they made the huge find.
Sergeant John Hemsworth, of Hartlepool District Drugs Unit, said: “This was a substantial recovery of what we believe to be amphetamines which would have been destined for the streets of Hartlepool and further afield.“Residents can be assured that we will always act on any information from the public about the use and supply of drugs.”A 40-year-old man and a 39-year-old woman were arrested and have since been bailed while inquiries continue.

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evil Buckfast tonic wine

investigation by the BBC has revealed the true danger of the evil Buckfast tonic wine. Between 2006 and 2009 Buckfast was mentioned in over 5,000 crime reports in the Strathclyde region. Good lord! How shocking.The shock is not the utter amount of chaos Buckfast is portrayed as causing, rather it's the BBC's terrible analysis of these statistics.Let's start at the beginning. The BBC news story says:
the drink was mentioned in 5,638 crime reports in Strathclyde from 2006-2009, equating to three a day on average.One in 10 of those offences were violent and the bottle was used as a weapon 114 times in that period.Well the three-reports-a-day and one-in-ten-being-violent this works out as a violent incident involving Buckfast once every three or four days. And considering the large amount of violence that occurs in Glasgow on a day-to-day basis anyway this is almost totally negligible. It is also only slightly more often than a murder in Glasgow, one of which occurs roughly every 5 days. The second factoid tells us that in the three years the statistics are taken from a Buckfast bottle was used as a weapon less than 40 times a year. And according to previous BBC report there were 40 murders using knives in 2007. Murders, not just stabbings or assaults. Clearly the issue of knife crime is much more of a pressing issue than Buckfast-bottle crime - although of course there will be some overlap between the two.
The BBC also talk about the old urban legend that the amount of caffeine in Buckfast is what causes drinkers to go crazy. This is despite there being no scientific evidence for this. If this were the case then vodka-Red Bull mixes would bring about the same reaction surely?
Laying the blame for violent crime at the door of Buckfast is stupid and short-sighted. Buckfast may be involved in over 5000 crime reports, but how many involve beer, or whiskey, or wine, or sloe gin. How does this correspond to their respective share of the drinks market? Come to think of it, how many crime reports involve alcohol, and how what percentage is this of all crime? Just loudly stating "over 5,000 crime reports" is meaningless as you haven't given it any context.
And why is Buckfast to blame? I know plenty of people who like to drink it at parties, and none of them have managed to get in a fight or crack people's skulls open with the bottle. Most of them just end up passing out. The problem surely isn't that Buckfast makes people violent, more that violent people drink Buckfast. Stop them doing that and you'd probably see a rise in violence associated with some other drink.
Honestly, this is such pointless alarmist crap. Scotland collectively has a drinking problem. This is what needs to be sorted out. Not dangerously pointing fingers at some trumped-up bad guy, or demanding legislation to stop people from exercising their rights of consumer choice.

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anthrax-infected heroin health scare which has seen seven people die in Scotland so far with another 14 hospitalised

health scare which has seen seven people die in Scotland so far with another 14 hospitalised, yet there is no panic in the streets, few headlines and little fearful talk in homes or in offices.The reason for the silence? The victims are all drug addicts, a faceless heroin-injecting underclass, who few care about. In the last month, anthrax-infected heroin has killed four people in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area, two in Tayside and one in the Forth Valley.Although it’s likely that the heroin was infected with anthrax somewhere en route from the poppy fields of Afghanistan, there is no way that police and medics can rule out that the drug was deliberately infected once it arrived in the UK.The big problem facing police and doctors struggling to deal with the anthrax scare is that they just don’t know how, where, when, why or at whose hands the heroin became contaminatedWas it as a result of the heroin accidentally coming into contact with infected farm material while being stored or in transit from the Middle East to Britain? Was it because a middle man unwittingly used a contaminated bulking agent? Was it done maliciously? And if so, by whom? A callous dealer? Someone targeting Glasgow’s junkies? Even the most far-fetched theories can’t be ruled out.
Users are concerned, but not concerned enough to stop using Patricia Tracey
The country’s leading microbiologist, Professor Hugh Pennington, points to the distinct possibility of the anthrax coming into contact with the heroin in the country of origin, yet he also believes that it is possible that the

anthrax could have been maliciously added to the heroin inside Britain.

“In the UK there used to be problem with anthrax-infected imports, particularly wool from areas east of Turkey,” he said. “It is no great surprise that it would be prevalent around the areas in Afghanistan where heroin is processed. You can’t completely rule out maliciousness as theoretically – people would be able to get hold of anthrax in the UK, although you’d need a specialist microbiological knowledge to do so.”Police are investigating the labyrinthine heroin supply chain, hoping that if they identify the source of the infection, they will be able to stop further deaths. Find the supplier, the theory goes, and you find and therefore save the customers. But the shadowy drug routes from Afghanistan to Scotland are difficult to trace and health officials are braced for more anthrax cases.
Some of the main theories about how anthrax spores came to contaminate the heroin, include the possibility that bonemeal, which is sometimes used to cut – ie, bulk up – heroin batches came from diseased animals. Another theory suggests that the equipment used to manufacture the drug was contaminated. Some peasant producers mix raw opium with water and chemicals in an oil barrel before heating the mixture over a large fire. These barrels may have previously been used to carry diseased meat, cattle feed or even manure.Professor Graeme Pearson is a former director general of the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA), the country’s leading crime-fighting unit, and is now with Glasgow University’s Unit for the Study of Serious Organised Crime. He has investigated the heroin production process and says he is surprised infections are so rare.
He said: “I’ve seen videos of heroin production and it’s a horrible and unhygienic process. It’s surprising that this doesn’t happen more often.”Anthrax exists as small, hardy spores that can lay dormant for up to 100 years. If these spores are breathed in, eaten or come into contact with skin, they cause an infection.
Dr Colin Ramsay, consultant eEpidemiologist at Health Protection Scotland, has been following the anthrax infections ever since the first victim was identified.
He said:

“The current hypothesis remains that the anthrax cases are linked to contamination of either heroin or a cutting agent.”

While the police and medics remain temporarily at a loss, it may be thought that Scotland’s addicts themselves might be doing something to save themselves from infection. Sadly, that is far from the case.Heroin addicts, experts warn, are too in thrall to their next fix to heed the risks of shooting up with anthrax-infected heroin.Patricia Tracey, from Glasgow Drug Crisis Centre, claimed that it was “unrealistic” to expect addicts to listen to public health warnings. “Users are concerned, but not concerned enough to stop using,” she warned.The recent deaths have exposed the flaws in the Scottish Government’s drugs policy, Jolene Crawford, the head of pressure group Transform Drug Policy Foundation Scotland, claimed.She said: “If it was contaminated beer that was killing these people there would be uproar. But there is no outrage.“It is accepted that some heroin will be lethal because by prohibiting it we gift control to criminals. Were opium and heroin to be legally available via regulated pharmacies and doctors’ surgeries, we would not have to see our children, mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters die unnecessarily in this way.”

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Rid of the pain of heroin

The amount of the benefit that it takes to be a heroin addict overcome their addiction - or even ask for help - greatly. A decision made out when you are under the influence of no use because I do not feel much or think wearing almost nothing, and when starting the drug and withdrawal symptoms begin, it is a very difficult decision to make. They know that to stop the pain if you got another, and the pain is unbearable. That's where a good heroin> Detox comes in, and that is why you have someone in detoxification from heroin immediately if you get the chance. After deducting committed, the person is probably going through physical and mental torture. What would your decision if you are vomiting, trembling, very excited, nervous and depressed and go through what is probably the worst and most crippling muscle and bone pain have you ever heard or feel ever in your life - would be moreRid of the pain of heroin, or if you choose to stand for several days or longer? The majority of drug addicts - 95 percent of them - choose the drug. Only 5 percent of the test, heroin and other opiates cold turkey success. If the person is in the throes of heroin withdrawal, even in the early stages, there will be one more chance to convince you that they know they help, if you let them get into a drug rehabilitation center that they obtain areHeroin detoxification in a way that effectively relieve the symptoms that now goes into being. Yes, including everything they want from drugs. But during the withdrawal, the drug seems to only your salvation. A good detoxification program that allows you to alleviate heroin withdrawal symptoms, their hopes that they can actually be free of drugs. If you or someone you want to end heroin addiction, you should know that it is so unbearably painfulThe experience might be expected. Best of all, when used with the recall, if you have a good program of detoxification from heroin, backups and all other food you need help, you will feel physically and emotionally stronger than you have felt in a long time and you are in a better position to address the problems behind the addiction. Then you can stay free of drugs. The fear of withdrawal is one of the main reasons for heroin addicts do not get help - have a little taste of whoWithdrawal, he was gone too long without a hit, or who have often seen or heard about the withdrawal of other experiences. Knowing that they are in a program of detoxification from heroin that these complaints are often all they need to accept, however, to obtain relief to get help. And a good drug detox is the beginning of the end of heroin addiction.

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NASA is currently investigating the origins of a bag containing cocaine

The secret to being a rocket scientist has been revealed—cocaine! NASA is currently investigating the origins of a bag containing cocaine residue that was discovered in the hanger of the space shuttle Discovery in Cape Canaveral. "There are no obvious indications of anyone acting oddly or under the influence," a NASA spokesman said. Really, astronauts always stay awake for 50 hours at a time.

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SA Institute for Drug-Free Sport views the admission of guilt of Bulls and Springbok rugby player, Pedrie Wannenburg, to the use and abuse of cocaine

"The SA Institute for Drug-Free Sport views the admission of guilt of Bulls and Springbok rugby player, Pedrie Wannenburg, to the use and abuse of cocaine, ecstasy and alcohol as a serious substance abuse and addiction issue rather than a performance enhancing issue. "We trust the strategy employed by the Bulls management as one of compassion where they sought to address Pedrie Wannenburg’s drug problem with counselling and empathy. "Mr Wannenburg admitted to the abuse of alcohol, cocaine and ecstasy while partying. Although alcohol is not banned in rugby, cocaine and ecstasy are banned during competition under the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) 2010 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods in Sport. "Generally stimulants such as cocaine and ecstasy stay in the body for a few hours before it is completely metabolised and excreted. "Hence, although Pedrie Wannenburg was tested after a rugby match by the Institute for Drug-Free Sport in February and May of 2009, he tested negative for these substances on both occasions. "The selection of Mr Wannenburg for drug testing after these matches was based on a random “blind” selection by the respective team managers. "Many lessons have been learnt during this saga and Drug-Free Sport would like to further encourage sports bodies to work with us in not only combating doping in sport but also in addressing the growing trend of substance abuse and addiction among sports participants.

"

Our top athletes are not immune to the negative influences of recreational drug use.

"We view with alarm the increasing prevalence of drug abuse with drugs such as cocaine, ecstasy and methamphetamine (tik) among young people and athletes.

"The South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport is the custodian of ensuring a drug-free sport environment in the country. Our anti-doping education programs focus on the dangers of drugs and developing decision-making skills among young people and athletes to make the correct choices."

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new study published in the journal Science offers new insight into the mechanism behind cocaine’s addictiveness.

new study published in the journal Science offers new insight into the mechanism behind cocaine’s addictiveness. The research, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), points to an epigenetic mechanism of the brain to explain cocaine's addictive effect. Epigenetics is a fairly new avenue of scientific research which looks at changes to gene expression. Such changes are believed to be triggered by environmental factors, such as diet, drugs and toxins.

In the study, researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine gave a group of mice repeated doses of cocaine. Another group receieved saline doses with a final dose of cocaine. The intent was to see how the effects of repeated exposure to cocaine differs from one-time exposure. The researchers found that cocaine alters pleasure circuits in the brain by repressing the G9A enzyme, an important regulator of epigenetic control of gene expression. When the researchers reversed the effect, they were able to block the changes in gene expression and prevent the urge for cocaine.

Researchers hope the discovery may lead to more effective cures for cocaine addiction and perhaps even other substances.

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Cocaine was responsible for more than 3 percent of all sudden deaths

Cocaine was responsible for more than 3 percent of all sudden deaths in a Spanish study signaling that no amount of the recreational drug, however small, is safe.
Researchers performed forensic autopsies on 668 people who died suddenly between November 2003 and June 2006 in Seville. Cocaine was detected in 21 of the corpses, all of which were male age 21 years to 45 years, according to the report published today in the European Heart Journal. Most died from heart attacks or other cardiovascular complications.The results can be extrapolated to other parts of Europe, where cocaine consumption is a growing public health problem, said the researchers led by Joaquin Lucena, who is the head of forensic pathology at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Seville. The number of Europeans abusing cocaine has increased to 12 million in the past two decades, making it the second-most widely used drug after marijuana, the researchers said.“Our findings show that cocaine use causes adverse changes to the heart and arteries that then lead to sudden death,” particularly when combined with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, Lucena said. “The combination of cocaine with either or both of these habits can be considered as a lethal cocktail that promotes the development of premature heart disease.”More than half of the cocaine-related deaths occurred during the weekend, suggesting the men were recreational rather than chronic users of the drug, said Richard Lange and David Hillis, from the University of Texas Health Science Center. A wide range of cocaine levels were found in the men’s bodies, indicating it can be dangerous even at low doses.“The notion that recreational cocaine use is ‘safe’ should be dispelled, since even small amounts may have catastrophic consequences, including sudden death,” Lange and Hillis wrote in an editorial that accompanied the study.

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Four men - caught by police during an undercover operation transferring £2 million worth of cannabis in an underground garage

Four men - caught by police during an undercover operation transferring £2 million worth of cannabis in an underground garage – have been caged for plotting to supply the drug.Surveillance officers from the Metropolitan Police’s Serious and Organised Crime Command watched the handover in Kilburn Park Road, Kilburn, on May 7, last year and seized 600 kg. of cannabis stuffed into 61 boxes.


The four are: Shopkeeper Hamid Charkaoui, 31, of Colville Terrace, Notting Hill, (pic. l.) Delivery driver Fouad Raihani, 34, of Galsworth Court, Bollo Bridge Road, Acton, (pic. 2nd l.) Jobless Paul Mottley, 26, of Salutation Street, Manchester, (pic. 3rd l.) and jobless Dawood Ahmad, 25, of Park Mews, Park Drive, Manchester, (pic. 4th l.). Charkaoui, sentenced to seven-and-a-half years and Raihani, sentenced to five years, were watched unloading the boxes from their van for collection by Mottley, who received five years and Ahmad, sentenced to three-and-a-half years.Officers moved in as the Londoners loaded up the Manchester duo’s van and arrested all four men, seizing the cannabis (pic. r.) stored in heat-sealed clear plastic bags.Police searched six address, including Charkaoui’s uncle’s property in Ebbsfleet Road, Cricklewood, where they found 6 kg of amphetamine, 29 cellophane wrapped packages of cannabis and a money counting machine.The other searches uncovered £11,000 cash, a heat-sealing machine, a roll of heat-seal plastic and 19 rounds of ammunition. On May 19 mini-cab driver El-Hosain Charkaoui, 49, was arrested on his return from Spain and initially denied knowing anything about the drugs at his home in Ebbsfleet Road, but received eighteen months after admitting his role in the plot.
Detective Inspector Marion Ryan of the Serious and Organised Crime Command said: "This was a significant haul of cannabis that we have successfully removed from circulation. “Today's sentencing is testament to how seriously the criminal justice system takes this class B drug."

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increase in the number of sudden deaths among 21 to 45 year olds in Spain is being blamed on cocaine.

A team of Andaulcian scientists, led by Joaquín Lucena at the Legal Medicine Institute in Sevilla, has concluded after studying 2,477 autopsies that 3% of such deaths are caused by cocaine use. The drug can lead to heart attacks and also premature coronary atherosclerosis. Their research showed that of the 668 cases of cardiovascular sudden death, 21 cases showed cocaine use.

El Mundo reports that 7% of the national population uses the drug, most of the users are aged 15 to 34, and experts say users continue to think the drug is harmless.

An article on the subject has been printed in the European Heart Journal which also quotes the research of two top scientists from the University of Texas in the field. It says that cocaine abuse is an increasing and under estimated European public health problem.

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prisoner Renae Lawrence has made a fresh confession about her role in heroin smuggling in an effort to prevent the execution of Scott Rush

prisoner Renae Lawrence has made a fresh confession about her role in heroin smuggling in an effort to prevent the execution of Scott Rush, the youngest of the nine Australians arrested in Bali in 2005.Lawrence's testimony at Rush's final appeal that she made multiple courier runs to Bali will help lawyers argue that his death sentence is unjust under Indonesian law, because lighter sentences were given to other members of the group (pictured).Although Lawrence had made 2 drug runs to Bali before her arrest in 2005, she received a 20-year sentence, the least severe punishment imposed on any of the 9 Australians.19-year-old Rush was making his 1st overseas trip when 3.4 kilograms of heroin was found strapped to his body at Denpasar airport in April 2005.He had no knowledge of the extent of the drug syndicate that recruited him and, after initial denials, confessed his guilt and pleaded for mercy.His death sentence has attracted controversy because Australian Federal Police reneged on a promise to his father, Lee Rush, to stop the then teenager travelling to Bali. Instead, the police steered him into a trap knowing he could face execution under Indonesia's drug laws.Rush and the group's convicted ringleaders, Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, are the only members of the group who have been sentenced to death and are awaiting final appeals while on death row in Bali's Kerobokan jail.The other 6, including Lawrence, are serving jail terms.Lawrence told Indonesian police after her arrest in 2005 that she travelled to Bali in October the previous year with Chan and that Sukumaran had strapped the pair with heroin, which they took back to Australia.She also told police of a trip to Bali in December 2004 that was aborted because of difficulty obtaining money to buy the drugs.But during her trial, Lawrence withdrew her police statements and was not questioned at length about them.The Age has learned Lawrence has given a new statement to Rush's lawyers and is prepared to testify if asked to do so by a panel of Supreme Court judges set to consider Rush's appeal, which could begin in early AprilLawrence's drug run in October 2004 and attempted run three months later were confirmed during the trials of three of the syndicate's other drug ''mules'' in Brisbane in December 2008.



Rush was initially sentenced to life imprisonment - but in a shock judgment, the sentence was increased to death on appeal in the Supreme Court in 2006.



In the same court, fellow couriers Martin Stephens and Michael Czugaj had life sentences upheld.



The differing appeal sentences were imposed on the basis of the same evidence heard by different judges.



Prosecutors had never asked for the death sentence for Rush. Under Indonesian law there is no automatic requirement for findings in different courts to match, nor for the ruling of a superior court to be followed automatically by a lower court.



But Rush's lawyers can point to sentencing inconsistencies in a motion for reconsideration at the appeal.



They are expected to ask the appeal judges to look at all the ''Bali 9'' cases and argue that for the sentences to be uniform, Rush should not be executed.



In 2008, the retiring head of Indonesia's Supreme Court, Bagir Manan, was quoted as saying he expected the apparent injustice of Rush's sentence to be considered at the final appeal.



If final appeals by Rush, Chan and Sukumaran fail, their last option is to seek clemency from President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who has shown little mercy to those convicted of narcotics crimes since he took office in 2004.



Rush's lawyers are expected to file his appeal before those of Chan and Sukumaran.



Rush says he was living a teenager's ''party life'' in Brisbane with Czugaj, his schoolmate, when they were offered all-expenses-paid trips to Bali in 2005.



During their eight-day stay in Bali, Chan and Sukumaran demanded they carry packages back to Australia, for which they would be paid $5000 each. They were told their families would be killed if they did not follow

instructions. After they were detained at Denpasar airport, they were escorted to a room where they saw 2 other distressed Australians they had never seen before who had also been caught trying to carry drugs to Sydney. They turned out to be Martin Stephens and the woman whose testimony might now save Rush's life, Renae Lawrence.



Lawrence, then 29, from Newcastle, feared she faced life in jail as she pleaded for mercy at her trial in 2006. Her lawyers were surprised and relieved when she was sentenced to 20 years.



Following controversy over the AFP's role in Rush's arrest, the Rudd Government last month issued guidelines stipulating that police consider a suspect's age, nationality and whether capital punishment is likely when co-operating with foreign countries.



The organisers and financiers of the heroin to be smuggled by the Bali 9 have never been arrested.



It has never been explained how a Thai woman named Cherry Likit Bannakorn twice managed to remain unnoticed as she delivered the heroin to Chan in the middle of a police surveillance operation instigated by the AFP.



Federal MPs on both sides are pushing to pass laws early this year to entrench Australia's opposition to the death penalty.

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Reggae singer Buju Banton was arrested Thursday in Miami.

Reggae singer Buju Banton was arrested Thursday in Miami. The singer, whose real name is Mark Anthony Myrie, faces possible life imprisonment if convicted on charges of drug conspiracy charges.Allegedly, Buju Banton was conspiring to distribute 5 kilos of the drug cocaine.This isn't the first time Buju Banton has been in the headlines. His song "Boom Boom Bye" has hateful and violent lyrics aimed toward creating violence against the LGBT community. In response, many of his concerts were cancelled.
He also made headlines when his album Rasta Got Soul was actually nominated for a Grammy Award.

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Drunken violence, which included gang beatings, a naked man attempting to strangle his partner and brawls.

Mennilli said police were "sick of this booze-till-you-drop culture".
"What is really distressing is the number of underage people congregating in public, in parks and the like, with the sole purpose of drinking themselves into a stupor," he said.In the northeastern state of Queensland, more than 900 people were arrested or issued with warnings by police as thousands of officers took to the streets around the country to enforce the crackdown during the Christmas party season.
In Western Australia about 180 people were arrested, while 123 were arrested in South Australia, 200 detained for drunkenness in the southern state of Victoria and 45 picked up in the national capital Canberra.According to government figures, drink-related injuries kill four Australians under the age of 25 and 70 are hospitalised due to alcohol-linked assaults each week.But despite Australia's booze-addled reputation, other nations including Ireland, Britain and Germany drink more litres per capita, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

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Ketamine is the new ‘stuff’

Clubbers and addicts are increasingly turning away from ecstasy and heroin to ketamine, a dangerous horse tranquilliser that has been linked to 23 deaths.According to a leading drug charity worker, addicts on Teesside are turning to the drug because it’s purer than heroin, while research by Newcastle-based Drugscope found there was an increased use amongst clubbers of the narcotic.Tina Williams, of Parents and Addicts Against Narcotics in the Community said: “Ketamine is the new ‘stuff’ and we have a lot of people using. It’s definitely on the increase.
“It’s a horse sedative and it has a similar effect to heroin. Addicts have cottoned onto this as heroin is now so diluted in the region they can’t even get a hit off it.“It’s readily available and now addicts have more options rather than just heroin and crack.
“Because it’s a class C drug people don’t think that it can be dangerous.”
Known as Special K, Vitamin K or simply K, the drug is developing a strong following in dance club circuits despite being made illegal three years ago.It is usually snorted or swallowed but according to research by Drugscope, more and more people are choosing to inject it.At low levels users feel euphoric, experience waves of energy and even a condition called synaesthesia where users’ senses merge into one another.
But at higher levels the drug can cause paralysis, hallucinations and a disassociation that is close to an out of body experience. It is also a known date rape drug as it has no taste and is odourless.

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Mexican government legalized possession of marijuana, cocaine and heroin.

August of this year the Mexican government legalized possession of marijuana, cocaine and heroin. The United States has long held that a great percentage of illegal drugs brought into this country are manufactured and smuggled into the United States across our borders. In the United States, possession of any of these drugs is illegal and the penalty can be imprisonment. The Mexican government says that they are losing their battle with the drug cartels in part because of the illegal firearms crossing the border from the United States into Mexico.

The Mexican Government defends their legalization of drugs. "This is not legalization; this is regulating the issue and giving citizens greater legal certainty," said Bernardo Espino del Castillo of the attorney generals office.

Legal certainty is accurate. The citizens and visitors of Mexico are now certain that they will not be arrested for possession of these drugs. They have immunity.
In addition this new law gives the Mexican citizens and visitors from the United States the opportunity to legally try out these drugs and add to the Drug Cartels bank of addicted users. Its now a reality that the desperate migration of Mexicans into the United States might, in part, be an attempt to flee their county that is clearly in the control of the Mexican Drug Cartels.Should we as Americans turn away these refugees (who are infiltrated with drug smugglers) ? Or should we, if we have a choice, wage war in Mexico rather than Afghanistan. To see a real story of the war on drugs in Mexico click here: courtesy of Boston.com

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CHEMICAL produced in Wales is being used by law enforcement agencies throughout the world to identify smuggled stashes of cocaine.

CHEMICAL produced in Wales is being used by law enforcement agencies throughout the world to identify smuggled stashes of cocaine.Three friends who run Celtic Chemicals, which was founded by their fathers in 1979, sell their £1,000-a-kilo cobalt-based material for use in detection kits which turn substances containing cocaine bright blue.Customers now include NIK Public Safety, one of the world’s biggest suppliers of drug detection technology.The kits are used by British police forces and US border patrols.Bridgend-based Celtic Chemicals also supply a nitrate-based solution which has become increasingly sought-after as a result of its use in the manufacture of SatNav devices and mobile phones.The company also works with Alzheim, a Powys-based outfit which uses daffodil extracts to delay the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Celtic Chemicals has doubled its turnover in the past five years as demand for its specialist products rises.It has just announced a £20,000 investment in equipment which will allow staff to analyse the purity of chemicals with new accuracy.The company was founded by Ian Woolcock, Ray Houlton and Murray Donald, and is now run by their sons Rhys, Simon and Ben.Mr Woolcock said that being part of a multi-family company was “an interesting situation” but added: “I suppose the most unusual thing is we all still get on.”
Many hi-tech companies are developed to be sold to larger corporations, but this is not an immediate goal for the team.Mr Woolcock said: “We are in charge of our own destiny to a degree. I think the overriding feeling is it’s a positive place to be.”But he added: “It depends how big the cheque is.”
The new equipment, he said, would allow the company to manufacture greater volumes in a shorter time.He added: “This will also safeguard nine permanent jobs.” Celtic Chemicals was launched to manufacture and process organic metallic salts, widely used in a range of industries such as electronics, food, pharmaceuticals and metal finishing.
The company moved to Kenfig Industrial Estate at Bridgend three years ago when it was restructured with help from the former Welsh Development Agency. The recent £20,000 funding comes from the Assembly Government.Mr Woolcock was confident the company could continue to compete with rivals in China and the Far East.A key advantage, he said, was the speed at which it is able to meet orders. It is often able to develop products within one to two weeks.Shipping costs also allow Celtic Chemicals to compete with low-cost economies, he argued, saying: “If you’re in the UK, you can’t buy 100 kilos of a product from China. The freight costs would outweigh any cost advantage.”The company continues to look for new potential projects and collaborations on its doorstep.“We try and keep things within Wales if we can,” he said. “We’ve always got lots of irons in lots of fires.”Ieuan Wyn Jones, Minister for the Economy and Transport, said Celtic Chemicals was an example of the many small but highly innovative companies in Wales that had a global reach.“It’s great news to hear that products developed by a Welsh SME [small to medium company] are having such an impact on the fight against drug smuggling around the world.“It’s also good to hear that Celtic Chemicals has doubled its turnover and with support from the Assembly Government invested in state-of-the-art equipment that will help boost business prospects further.”The company is able to supply kosher and halal-friendly trace elements for the nutrition sector, as well allergen-free products.Its chemicals are also used in metal-finishing processes and in capacitor production.
The company serves the pharmaceutical and personal care markets by supplying pure sources of minerals.Laboratory supplies such as ammonium and zinc are provided by the kilo, and the team have developed a niche with ceramic colours.Inorganic copper, cobalt and nickel are all provided for the colouring of glazes.

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Rabbi who was arrested after a five-day binge of cocaine and prostitutes

rabbi who was arrested after a five-day binge of cocaine and prostitutes said that he took drugs to alleviate the loneliness he felt after his wife died.
Baruch Chalomish, 55, told a court that he began snorting the drug because he felt lonely after his wife died, insisting: “I wanted to stop feeling depressed, to feel normal.” The Israeli-born father of three, who was once an eminent Jewish academic, has in recent years built a £7 million fortune from astute share dealing and property development. The prosecution at Manchester Crown Court claim that the rabbi was the financier in a commercial cocaine-supply business while his alleged accomplice, Nasir Abbas, 54, a convicted drug dealer, provided the drugs and the customers. They rented a luxury service flat in northern Manchester over the new year holidays where the rabbi admits that he indulged to excess. Police found 101g of cocaine at the flat and his home along with cutting agents and “snap bags” but he insists that he is not a drug dealer. He stepped into the witness box to say that he felt deeply ashamed of his behaviour. He told his defence counsel, Jonathan Goldberg, QC, that he began taking cocaine three years ago when he was introduced to it by an Israeli friend with whom he celebrated the Sabbath. He was introduced in turn to Mr Abbas. Both men are accused of possessing cocaine, which Chalomish admits, and dealing the drug, which he denies. They would go to parties in flats around Manchester and snort cocaine alongside “distinguished” professionals such as doctors, he said. Chalomish frequently broke down and cried when the death of his wife, Freda, who died aged 40 in 1996, was mentioned. When asked why he took the drug, he said: “I probably wanted to forget her death.” Cocaine allowed him to feel so high he no longer had any worries, and not feel lonely any more. “This was very important to me,” he said. The rabbi, who agreed he spent up to £1,000 a week on cocaine, bowed his head and cried as he admitted he paid prostitutes to have sex with him. He said he bought the cocaine from Mr Abbas, who also organised the parties.He insisted that he bought only the purest cocaine from Mr Abbas, who provided “the best in town”. Chalomish said: “If you go to the streets you buy cocaine, they can mix it with dangerous things. And I didn’t want to have this so when I have pure cocaine I know nothing is mixed with it. I know I’m not taking something which can damage my health more than cocaine itself.” The rabbi told the court that by the time he was arrested in an hotel apartment on Shudehill, Manchester, on January 5, he had been on a cocaine and prostitute binge that had lasted up to five days.
He admitted he was “exhausted” as he had been doing “a lot of sniffing”.

The rabbi told the court he was introduced to one prostitute called Emma. He had paid between £400 and £500 to spend two days with her.

Asked why police found so much cocaine in his house in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, Chalomish said: “First of all it is difficult to get pure stuff. Once you get it, you get quite a lot, so I know I have supplies for the next three or six months.” Asked by his counsel how he felt now the court case had been reported in the media, Chalomish replied: “Deeply ashamed. It is probably the biggest punishment I have ever had in my life.” Mr Abbas failed to turn up for the trial, which has gone ahead in his absence. The jury has been told that he telephoned his solicitor on the eve of the trial to claim that the rabbi had made a threatening call and had sent heavies to his house to warn him off.Chalomish denies making any such threats. The trial continues.

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Cocaine addiction among British women has skyrocketed by almost two-thirds in the past four years.

Figures released today show the number of women under 35 treated for addiction has gone from 790 to 1,261 since 2005.
For men under 35, the increase is equally stark, up to 5,263 from 3,024 in 2005.
Rosa O'Connor, director of the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, said there was some good news, with figures showing fewer women were seeking treatment for crack and heroin addiction.
'It is good news that women are turning away from heroin and crack, the most problematic drugs, but we are concerned by the increase in cocaine dependence,' she said.She warned of the dangers for women using cocaine and alcohol together.
The drugs could damage their fertility, cause paranoia and heart problems, she said.
The price of a line of cocaine has plummeted in recent years - along with purity.

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accused the Thai police of committing serious ethical violation by setting a pseudo sting operation to nab injection drug users (IDU)

Bangkok-based drug-users support group and the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/Aids out of Canada on Thursday accused the Thai police of committing serious ethical violation by setting a pseudo sting operation to nab injection drug users (IDU) while seeking treatment.Nearly half of the 252 IDU surveyed said police has planted drugs on them and claimed that they had to pay bribe to the police to avoid arrest.
"This form of drug planting was found to be associated with numerous health-related harms including syringe sharing and drug-related overdose," said Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group (TTAG) and the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (Vancouver, Canada), in a statement released Thursday.

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Prince Charles’s harpist accused of carrying out a string of burglaries was addicted to heroin

royal musician accused of carrying out a string of burglaries was addicted to heroin during her time as Prince Charles’s harpist, she told a court.
Jemima Phillips, who was appointed Charles’s harpist in 2004, told a court in Gloucester Wednesday she started using crack cocaine, and then heroin five years ago.
Phillips, 28, who performed at Charles’s wedding to Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005 and other royal events attended by the Queen, is accused of stealing cash and electrical goods in four raids on private homes carried out along with her boyfriend. In her three years as the Prince’s harpist she played at royal residences, including Balmoral Castle, Clarence House and Highgrove, as well as the House of Commons.Phillips told the court she had endured a string of “disastrous” relationships and started using crack cocaine after having her second abortion.
The court heard that shortly afterwards she started a relationship with a man who introduced her to heroin and violently beat her. Phillips said although she fled from him and returned to her parents’ home in Gloucestershire, her heroin habit “increased”. She met co-defendant William Davies on a street corner in Gloucester in January this year, when he gave her a bag of heroin. Prosecutor Martin Steen said the pair raided four homes between May 22 and May 28 and stole a handbag, TV, guitar, mobile phones, cameras, wallets, bank cards and laptops - which she denies.

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Body builds up a tolerance for heroin

Heroin is typically injected or snorted by users though it can be smoked. In spite of the negative consequences in his life, the one who is a heroin addict continues to use the drug. He is not able to choose. The need for heroin becomes a driving force in his life.As with any other drugs, the body builds up a tolerance for heroin. The addict will have to use larger amounts in order to achieve the high. In time, the addict will have to take heroin several times per day trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms. The repeated use leads to addiction, whether you are using needles or not.The most common experiences a user can have when he becomes dependent on the heroin are cravings in between uses, spending time thinking about the last time they got high and what the next high will be like, focusing on where and when they can get the next dose, sudden financial difficulties and erratic behavior, track marks around injection points.Using heroin it affects the way nerves in the spinal cord communicate pain sensations to the brain. Shortly after the drug is snorted or injected, it creates an intense feeling of pleasure. Heroin works on the pleasure centers in the brain by affecting the level of dopamine that it produces. People who want to quit using heroin do better when they are well motivated to do so.
The motivation may come from the person who is addicted to heroin themselves or because of the involvement of concerned friends or family members. When someone detoxes from heroin, they are going to experience a series of withdrawal symptoms, like diarrhea, insomnia, muscle aches, vomiting, etc.The withdrawal symptoms will start within a few hours after the person stops using heroin, with the peak occurring within 24-72 hours. Symptoms of withdrawal may be present for a week after the last time the addict used the drug. Ideally, this step in heroin treatment is performed under the supervision of a doctor.

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ballad of Mary Forsberg Weiland, who has just written a memoir of her life with Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland

Sixteen-year-old model meets penniless future rock star almost eight years her senior and is instantly smitten, they eventually marry, have two children, and live happily ever after.Apart from the last bit, that's the ballad of Mary Forsberg Weiland, who has just written a memoir of her life with Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland -- her soon-to-be ex-husband.An awful lot of drug use together condemned their union, as she vividly relates in "Fall to Pieces," whose title comes from a song by her husband's former band Velvet Revolver. Mental illness (her) and incarceration (both) did not help.But the book is no angry tirade from a woman scorned. Indeed, she says it has the blessing of Scott Weiland, who is working on his own autobiography.For all the death and devastation detailed in its pages, the book is surprisingly funny. Even in the depths of junkie despair, she could see the absurdity of taking a limo -- "the douchemobile" -- to one of the couple's countless rehab stints."It's easier to connect with somebody, I think, if there's humor there," she said in a recent interview. "I don't want anybody to think my life is tragic, or I'm playing victim."
In person, Mary Weiland looks like your typical suburban 34-year-old ex-model and mother of two. There is no indication that her face and arms were once covered in scabs or that she injected heroin wherever she could find a spot.
"I never went so far as my neck," she cautions. "I don't think I could have done that."The book traces her early days in a dysfunctional and impoverished southern California family. She started modeling at 14, quit school at 15, and traveled the world making great money.Her future husband had an $8-an-hour job driving models in his beat-up car to their assignments around Los Angeles. She knew upon their first meeting in 1991 that they would be married. Alas, he was dating a woman who would become his first wife, but he deftly strung both women along for many years.
Their relationship was doomed from the start. Scott Weiland's drug use prevented Stone Temple Pilots from building on the promise of its first two hit albums, and he was often in court and on pundits' death-watch lists.His career gets little space in the book. She says she was careful not to involve herself in band matters, and is not completely sure which of his songs are about her.At any rate, she was too busy getting high to analyze the Billboard charts. She was a hard-core heroin user for "a really horrible year" until he was sentenced to a year in jail in 1999 for violating his probation on various drug charges.

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Heroin continues to be the most lethal drug killing Floridians.

The four drugs where more than 50 percent of the deaths were caused by the drug when the drug was found, were heroin (86.9 percent), methadone (73.4 percent), fentanyl (56.4 percent), and oxycodone (56.1 percent), according the The Florida Department of Law Enforcement report released this morning. The information is for the first six months of the year and provided by Florida medical examiners.During that period there were approximately 88,500 deaths in Florida. Of those, 4,199 individuals were found to have died with one or more of the drugs specified in this report in their bodies.Deaths caused by heroin increased by 20.5 percent over the last half of 2008.
The report also indicates that prescription drugs continued to be found more often than illicit drugs in both lethal and non-lethal levels during the first part of this year. Prescription drugs account for 79 percent of all drug occurrences in this report when alcohol is excluded. According to the report, in Fort Myers 19 people who died had lethal levels of oxycodone; 17 had lethal levels of methadone; 16 had lethal levels of alprazolan; seven had lethal levels of morphine; seven had lethal levels of cocaine; four had lethal levels of heroin; four had lethal levels of hydrocodone; and two had lethal levels of propoxyphene.

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Professor David Nutt, who was the chairman of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, sparked outrage earlier this week

Professor David Nutt, who was the chairman of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, sparked outrage earlier this week after he criticised the decision to reclassify cannabis as a Class B drug.It is understood Home Secretary Alan Johnson asked him to consider his position in the wake of the comments, saying he had "no confidence" in him.The charity DrugScope said the development was "extremely serious and concerning".Director of communications, Harry Shapiro, said: "There are few areas of policy as important but at the same time as difficult, complex and emotive as drugs policy. That is why it is vitally important that the Government receives advice that is not only evidence based, objective and robust but that is also public and transparent."However, former Government chief scientific adviser Sir David King said Professor Nutt had "stepped over the line" in criticising a politician.On Friday night, he said that advisers had to maintain the trust of both public and ministers and it was important to do that in a sensitive way."I think that where David has stepped over the line is being openly critical of the politician concerned," he said.

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former girlfriend of drug kingpin Alton "Ace Capone" Coles

Asya Richardson, through her lawyer, claims she was unaware that the man she knew as a music company impresario used drug money for the down payment on the house just outside Mullica Hill they bought in the summer of 2005.former girlfriend of drug kingpin Alton "Ace Capone" Coles, wants her money-laundering conviction, linked to the couple's purchase of a luxurious home in South Jersey, overturned.
"Asya Richardson was a naive young woman who fell in love with, and was duped by, Alton Coles, a deceptive, manipulative individual . . . who hid his illegal activities from her and used her as part of his legitimate front to the outside world," Richardson's lawyer, Ellen C. Brotman, argued in a post-trial motion heard today by U.S. District Court Judge R. Barclay Surrick.Brotman has asked the judge either to overturn Richardson's conviction or grant her a new trial. Surrick, after an hour-long hearing, said he would take the issue under advisement. Not surprisingly, federal prosecutors argued that the conviction should stand.
Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael Bresnick said that Richardson, 28, knowingly went along with Coles, helping to launder drug proceeds by negotiating the down payment on the $488,000 house with cash transferred from his bank accounts and by lying about her employment and income records."All the evidence established that she knew Coles was a drug dealer and she knew his money was drug money," Bresnick said, describing the house purchase as a "classic money-laundering case."Coles was arrested at the Gloucester County residence, on Dillon's Lane just outside Mullica Hill, in August 2005 as investigators with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tabacco, Firearms and Explosives launched a series of raids that capped a two-year investigation of his $25 million cocaine network. Coles and Richardson had moved into the property two weeks earlier.Richardson was later charged with money-laundering and conspiracy to commit money-laundering. She is the half-sister of former Philadelphia baseketball star Jerome "Pooh" Richardson, who called her hours before the raid to warn that the "feds were coming."Pooh Richardson testified for the prosecution this year at the trial of a former Philadelphia police detective who was convicted of obstruction of justice for leaking him information about the raid.
Aysa Richardson was convicted along with Coles and four others, including a second Coles girlfriend, in March 2008. Coles, 35, was sentenced to life plus 55 years. Richardson has had her sentence delayed pending the outcome of her post-trial motions. She could be sentenced to 78 months. Whatever the outcome, the motions have offered a look at the twisted relationship between Coles and the women he dated while under investigation.Brotman, in papers filed last year, said Coles "used the women in his life as tools of his trade."

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SPANISH drug traffickers are now taking to the skies to avoid border controls.

Smugglers are loading up mini planes with sacks of marijuana in a bid to evade Moroccan security. Investigations carried out by Moroccan police have exposed dozens of Spaniards believed to be violating their airspace. Some 13 drug planes have already been intercepted this year, while just seven were seized in 2007. Last month, two Spaniards were arrested for undertaking a drug smuggling reconnaissance mission. They were spotted circling over the east of Morocco, in another trademark mini plane.

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cocaine trafficking syndicate has been cracked in a series of raids on the Gold Coast

cocaine trafficking syndicate has been cracked in a series of raids on the Gold Coast, police say.The Crime and Misconduct Commission (CMC) and Gold Coast police simultaneously executed five search warrants on properties at Carrara, Southport, Burleigh Waters, Surfers Paradise and Molendinar on Thursday morning.Four people were arrested during the raids with charges relating to the trafficking of dangerous drugs, possession of prohibited drugs and possession of firearms laid.
A total of 2.5kg of cocaine was seized during the entire operation, with a street value estimated by the CMC at $750,000.Police also seized $37,650 in cash, steroids, a .357 Magnum firearm and ammunition.The raids signal the closure of a 13-month anti-organised crime operation led by the CMC in partnership with various Queensland and NSW police services.

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Royal Dutch Gymnastics Federation handed Yuri van Gelder a one-year suspension for testing positive for cocaine

Royal Dutch Gymnastics Federation handed Yuri van Gelder a one-year suspension for testing positive for cocaine at the Dutch Championships in June, ending his chances to compete at the 2012 Olympics.Van Gelder will be able to return to international competition in the summer of 2010, but International Olympic Committee rules stipulate that athletes who receive any sort of suspension for more than six months are not eligible to compete at the next Olympic Games. …
Gymnastics Examiner – After cocaine suspension, Yuri van Gelder will miss 2012 Olympics

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Lambda Iota became a drug house during the 2006 - 2007 school year.

Federal prosecutors say Lambda Iota became a drug house during the 2006 - 2007 school year. Twenty-five-year-old Bent Cardan of California supplied the fraternity president with the cocaine. He'll also be on four years supervised release and pay a $4,000 fine. Cardan's Connecticut supplier is serving a 70-month sentence for drug trafficking. The former fraternity president, 25-year-old Christopher Duncan, is serving two years probation. The Justice Department has moved to seize the frat house.former University of Vermont student will spend six months in jail for supplying drugs to his fraternity's cocaine ring.

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Alcohol and cigarettes are more dangerous than illegal drugs

Alcohol and cigarettes are more dangerous than illegal drugs such as cannabis, LSD and ecstasy, the government's top drugs advisor said Thursday.Professor David Nutt of Imperial College London called for a new system of classifying drugs to enable the public to better understand the relative harm of legal and illegal substances.
Alcohol would rank as the fifth most harmful drug after heroin, cocaine, barbiturates and methadone, he said in a briefing paper for the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies at King's College London.Tobacco would come ninth on the list and cannabis, LSD and ecstasy "while harmful, are ranked lower at 11, 14 and 18 respectively". The ranking is based on physical harm, dependence and social harm.
"No one is suggesting that drugs are not harmful. The critical question is one of scale and degree," said Nutt, the chairman of the government's Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.He added: "We have to accept young people like to experiment -- with drugs and other potentially harmful activities -- and what we should be doing in all of this is to protect them from harm at this stage of their lives.
"We therefore have to provide more accurate and credible information. If you think that scaring kids will stop them using, you are probably wrong."Nutt criticised ministers for their decision to upgrade the classification of cannabis in January from class C -- which includes tranquillisers and some painkillers -- to the higher class B alongside amphetamines.The decision, which increases the penalties to a maximum 14 years in jail for dealing and five years for possession, was against scientific advice and came just five years after cannabis had been downgraded from class B to C.Nutt said such policies "distort" and "devalue" research evidence and lead to mixed messages to the public.While he acknowledged that cannabis was "harmful", he said its use does not lead to major health problems. Users faced a "relatively small risk" of psychotic illness compared to the risks of smokers contracting lung cancer.Nutt caused controversy earlier this year by saying that taking ecstasy was no more dangerous than horseriding, a claim he repeated in his paper.

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90,000 people will die over the next 10 years from drink unless cheap alcohol is banned

90,000 people will die over the next 10 years from drink unless cheap alcohol is banned, a new report has claimed. Skip related content
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Drink deaths 'treble in 25 years'
Call made for minimum alcohol price
Alcohol 'Will Kill 90,000' In Next Decade
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Have your say: Binge Drinking
The charity Alcohol Concern issued the sobering warning after its latest research found drink-related deaths have trebled in Britain over the last 25 years from 3,054 in 1984 to 8,999 in 2008.

To combat the problem, it proposes banning cheap booze by forcing suppliers to charge at least 50p per unit.

Doing so would substantially reduce hospital admissions, crime and absence from work, the report claims.

Research by the University of the West of England used by Alcohol Concern found there would be 90,800 deaths linked to drink by 2019 if current consumption continues.

The lead author, Professor Martin Plant, said: "The UK has been experiencing an epidemic of alcohol-related health and social problems that is remarkable by international standards."

The findings coincide with a new drive to reduce binge drinking in Greater Manchester, where the problem is particularly acute.

Councils in the area are actively considering a minimum price for booze sold in its pubs, clubs and supermarkets.

Police there have just begun a clampdown on licensees and bar staff who illegally serve people who are already drunk.

But although binge drinking is usually blamed on the younger generations, Alcohol Concern has revealed the steepest rise in alcohol-related deaths is among the 55 to 74-year-olds.

Peter Ivory still finds it hard to believe how close he came to being in that category.

The 62-year-old former store manager from Sunderland always thought of himself as a social drinker.

A few years ago his holiday was cut dramatically short when he was flown back from Spain with excruciating stomach pain. He collapsed and eventually had to have a liver transplant.

He said: "I suppose I should consider myself lucky that I'm still alive.

"But actually - if you lose your liver you lose your life."

Peter now struggles with simple undemanding tasks and suffers from constant fatigue, nerve pain, high blood pressure and depression.

He believes the "British epidemic" is leading thousands of young people down the same road.

"People have to listen to the stories of people like me," he said.

"We now have young people who are wrecking their lives. This is not about me telling others not to drink. It's about asking them to hear me and to plead with them not to end up like me."

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Alcohol-related deaths have almost trebled over the last 25 years

Alcohol-related deaths have almost trebled over the last 25 years, according to new research. Skip related content
Related photos / videosCalls for minimum alcohol price limits Play video Darts legend Andy Fordham says alcohol nearly ... Play video Calls for minimum alcohol price limits Play video Drink deaths 'have trebled in 25 years' A study carried out by the University of the West of England for Alcohol Concern suggests that 90,800 people will die from drinking too much in the next ten years if current consumption levels continue.
The charity said alcohol-related deaths went from 3,054 in 1984 to 8,999 in 2008.Alcohol Concern Chief Executive Don Shenker said: "Whilst there has been a small reduction in consumption and mortality over the last two years, the overall trend is a rise in consumption and a trebling of deaths since 1984."This rise runs in parallel with the growing affordability of alcohol. Without policies which more effectively target the cheap price of alcohol we will not get to grips with what has become one of the country's biggest public health problems."Brigid Simmonds, Chief Executive of the British Beer and Pub Association, said: "Alcohol policies designed to reduce drinking in the whole population are misguided. Controls on the total amount we drink will not work. What we need is a new debate about effective policy measures that are clearly targeted at the minority who misuse alcohol."

England is one of the heaviest drinking countries in Europe, with more than a third of men and a fifth of women exceeding Government limits, Alcohol Concern said.

In 2006 to 2007, the estimated cost of alcohol abuse to the NHS was £2.7 billion, and the Government said last year that the total expense of harm caused by drink was around £17.7 to £25.1 billion per year.

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number of under-25s seeking treatment for dependency on cocaine is rising significantly

The trends are revealed in a previously unpublished analysis by the NHS's National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse (NTA) of data on addicts in England who receive treatment for their drug habit. The agency believes that the statistics "herald a generational shift in patterns of drug dependence in England".young adults with a drug problem are using heroin and crack – the two substances most likely to cause addiction, increase crime and pose serious health risks – but the number of under-25s seeking treatment for dependency on cocaine is rising significantly, official figures show.NTA data passed to the Guardian shows that the number of 18- to 24-year-olds newly presenting for treatment for heroin or crack fell by 22% from 12,320 in 2005-06 to 9,632 in 2007-08, even though drug treatment was more readily available than ever. However, the number of over-35s seeking treatment for the first time rose by 11%, from 20,465 in 2005-06 to 22,770 two years later.Over the same period, the number of young adults seeking help from a drug treatment service for cocaine problems rose from 1,591 to 2,692 – a rise of 69%.Overall, the number of young adults seeking help for misuse of heroin, crack or powder cocaine fell from about 14,000 in 2005 to about 12,000 in 2008 – evidence of another encouraging trend.
The NTA's annual report, to be published on Thursday, is expected to confirm that both the shift away from heroin and crack and the growing problem of cocaine addiction in under-25s continued in 2008-09.Paul Hayes, the NTA's chief executive, said: "It is reassuring that younger people seem to be turning away from heroin and crack. The quite significant reduction in the numbers of people seeking help [for those drugs] probably illustrates an actual fall in problematic use because help has never been more available."Fewer people using heroin is good news as heroin is the most dangerous of all the drugs that people use. Given it involves a significant risk of overdose, HIV and hepatitis C, and is associated with acquisitive crime, I'm convinced that individuals, communities and wider society will benefit, especially the poorest communities, which heroin affects most."However, the increase in cocaine dependency among the same age group was "very significant" and worrying, added Hayes. "There's been an increase in cocaine use generally for a few years, especially in the younger age groups, and that's now being reflected in significant additional numbers being treated for cocaine. That's worrying because cocaine dependency can be associated with health damage, crime and problems in individuals, although it's not as problematic as heroin because it's not injected."Heroin became a major problem in Britain in the 1980s amid growing unemployment. Better economic circumstances in recent years may help to explain its declining popularity among younger drug users, said Hayes. In addition, he said, "people understand now what using hard drugs like heroin and crack leads to, whereas in the 1980s people weren't so aware of its consequences. It's lost a lot of its glamour. It's associated with losers rather than risk-takers. Heroin and crack are seen as dirty, nasty, horrible drugs, whereas cocaine can be seen by some people as an adjunct to the party lifestyle, in the same way that alcohol can be."The NTA's research tallies with growing evidence from frontline drug workers that younger users are increasingly using cocaine as part of a combination of illicit substances. "The emerging problems facing drug projects who run young people's services aren't [clients using] heroin and crack but strong alcohol, strong cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy – a different basket of drugs to the older generation," said Harry Shapiro, of Drugscope, which represents about 800 local drug agencies in the UK. Experts refer to this pattern of drug use as "the ACCE profile".
In all, 530 young adults aged 18-25 were referred to the Mosaic drug and alcohol service in Stockport in 2007-08. Of those, 193 were seeking treatment for cannabis, 175 for alcohol, 115 for cocaine and only 27 for heroin. A survey of men aged 19-25 in the town found that the drugs that most had tried were cannabis (64%), powder cocaine (33%) and ecstasy (32%). Cocaine's greater availability and ensuing cheaper price is believed to explain its popularity."It's good that fewer young people appear to be using heroin," said Shapiro. "But the fact that young people who have drug problems now increasingly have problems of cocaine, cannabis and alcohol addiction means that we still have a serious problem here. There's also a challenge in this for drug treatment services, which are very much geared up to the needs of heroin users, and their ability to deal with a new generation of problem drug users who don't fit the traditional profile."Roger Howard, chief executive of the UK Drug Policy Commission thinktank, said: "There is a generational shift under way, with older, more chronic heroin users entrenched in heroin and a younger adult group who are much more into multi-drug use. It's worrying that we're seeing more people with multiple drug use because they are much more difficult to treat."The fact that cocaine users are usually better-off and less isolated from their families than heroin users may make them less likely to ask the UK's network of drug services for help, he added.

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Jamaica Transnational Crimes and Narcotics Division

Transnational Crimes and Narcotics Division is reporting that 53 people were arrested last month for ingesting and attempting to export drugs at the country’s two international airports. The number includes men and women. In addition the division says two persons died. One of the two died after ingesting marijuana while the other died after ingesting cocaine pellets. The Transnational Crimes and Narcotics division says a number of the people caught before September are now hospitalized after ingesting drug pellets which broke.

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Immunization with an experimental anti-cocaine vaccine resulted in a substantial reduction in cocaine use

Immunization with an experimental anti-cocaine vaccine resulted in a substantial reduction in cocaine use in 38 percent of vaccinated patients in a clinical trial supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a component of the National Institutes of Health. The study, published in the October issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry, is the first successful, placebo-controlled demonstration of a vaccine against an illicit drug of abuse."The results of this study represent a promising step toward an effective medical treatment for cocaine addiction," said NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow. "Provided that larger follow-up studies confirm its safety and efficacy, this vaccine would offer a valuable new approach to treating cocaine addiction, for which no FDA-approved medication is currently available."Like vaccines against infectious diseases such as measles and influenza, the anti-cocaine vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. Unlike antibodies against infectious diseases, which destroy or deactivate the disease-causing agents, anti-cocaine antibodies attach themselves to cocaine molecules in the blood, preventing them from passing through the blood-brain barrier. By preventing the drug's entry into the brain, the vaccine inhibits or blocks the cocaine-induced euphoria.This study included 115 patients from a methadone maintenance program who were randomly assigned to receive the anti-cocaine vaccine or a placebo (inactive) vaccine. Participants were recruited from a methadone maintenance program because their retention rates are substantially better than programs focused primarily on treatment for cocaine abuse. Participants in both groups received five vaccinations over a 12-week period and were followed for an additional 12 weeks. All participants also took part in weekly relapse-prevention therapy sessions with a trained substance abuse counselor, had their blood tested for antibodies to cocaine, and had their urine tested three times a week for the presence of opioids and cocaine.Participants differed in the levels of antibodies generated in response to vaccination. Thirty-eight percent attained blood levels of anti-cocaine antibodies thought to be sufficient to block cocaine's euphoric effects. During weeks 9 to 16 (when antibody levels peaked), these participants had significantly more cocaine-free urines than those who received the placebo or those with active vaccine but low levels of anti-cocaine antibodies. Participants with the highest antibody levels had the greatest reductions in cocaine use. No serious adverse effects were associated with vaccine treatment."Fifty-three percent of participants in the high-antibody group were abstinent from cocaine more than half the time during weeks 8 to 20, compared with only 23 percent of participants with lower levels of antibodies," said Thomas Kosten, M.D., of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, the study's principal investigator.
"In this study immunization did not achieve complete abstinence from cocaine use," added Dr. Kosten. "Previous research has shown, however, that a reduction in use is associated with a significant improvement in cocaine abusers' social functioning and thus is therapeutically meaningful."Dr. Kosten led the study in collaboration with colleagues from Yale University School of Medicine, the Connecticut Veterans Administration (VA) Healthcare System, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center.

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where exactly do the authorities get their heroin from?

The government is considering whether legal, injectable heroin might be one way to tackle the effects of drug abuse, but where exactly do the authorities get their heroin from?After a trial reported success in tackling use of street drugs and crime, Justice Secretary Jack Straw has suggested that prescribing heroin on the NHS may be the only way to deal with some users. Most people probably think of opium poppies coming from Taliban-controlled fields in Afghanistan or from the Far East's Golden Triangle, but it is perfectly possible to produce opium in the UK.
Diamorphine for the addict treatment trial is produced in the UK
The UK has one diamorphine producerPoppies are grown in Hampshire, Wiltshire and elsewhere in the south of EnglandIndeed, all of the diamorphine - equivalent to heroin - used in the UK's addict treatment trial is produced in the country. Opiates firm Macfarlan Smith, a subsidiary of Johnson Matthey, is the country's sole diamorphine producer.
It holds contracts with farmers in the south of England - including Hampshire and Wiltshire - to grow crops of poppies, says Ian Godwin, communications director for Johnson Matthey. The firm takes the harvest and processes the poppies into what is called "active pharmaceutical ingredient" (API). This API is then passed on to a UK pharmaceuticals firm to be turned into doses. The processing of opium poppies is done under government licence in "extremely secure" conditions.

The world's pharmaceutical firms get their poppies from everywhere from Spain to India, but the biggest producer is Tasmania in Australia. In Tasmania, a thousand farmers grow poppies across about 13,000 acres and it is one of the island's major exports.

The growing of poppies there can only be done under licence and there are strict controls on access to the field. Possession of opium poppies is a crime. Heroin is not just for addicts but also for other medical uses
The heroin prescription trial in the UK, which is being run at the National Addiction Centre, initially used diamorphine imported specially from Switzerland and distinct from the NHS's own stockpile. It moved to using British diamorphine when that became a cheap enough option. The cost of a year's diamorphine treatment for an addict is about £15,000, although this includes administering and supervising the injections. There have been similar trials involving pharmaceutical heroin in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and Canada. But the UK also has another use for diamorphine. It continues to be used in palliative care, to relieve pain in terminally ill people. A recent problem with supply led to many doctors using other opioids, says Dr Bill Noble, president of the Association for Palliative Medicine. "It is virtually the same as using morphine. The only difference is that diamorphine is much more soluble than morphine, which means you can have much lower volume injections."A regular part of the BBC News Magazine, Who, What, Why? aims to answer some of the questions behind the headlines
It is also used as part of the treatment for some patients with acute heart failure.
Diamorphine does not tend to be used in other countries for palliative purposes simply because it is illegal, says Dr Noble.

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Health officials have stepped up their efforts to call attention to health risks caused by cocaine laced with levamisole

Health officials have stepped up their efforts to call attention to health risks caused by cocaine laced with levamisole, a veterinary anti-parasitic drug. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has issued a nationwide health alert to medical professionals, substance abuse treatment centers and other public health authorities.
In humans, levamisole can cause agranulocytosis, a serious, sometimes fatal blood disorder. Ingesting cocaine mixed with levamisole can seriously reduce a person's white blood cells, suppressing immune function and the body's ability to fight off even minor infections, according to SAMHSA. People who use crack or powdered cocaine laced with levamisole can experience overwhelming, rapidly-developing, life-threatening infections, the agency said in a news release.Other serious side effects can also occur. If you use cocaine watch out for:
High fever, chills, or weakness.
Swollen glands,Painful sores (mouth, anal)
Infections that won't go away or gets worse very fast
Skin infections, abscesses
Thrush (white coating of the mouth, tongue, or throat)
Pneumonia (fever, cough, shortness of breath)
"SAMHSA and other public health authorities are working together to inform everyone of this serious potential public health risk and what measures are being taken to address it," said SAMHSA Acting Administrator Eric Broderick.
The number of reported cases of agranulocytosis due to tainted cocaine use is expected to increase as information about levamisole is disseminated through the medical community. Thus far, 20 known cases and two deaths have been confirmed.According to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Columbia cocaine producers are lacing their product with the medication to give it an extra kick.

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British and South African authorities have made a record heroin seizure following on operation at London's Heathrow Airport

British and South African authorities have made a record heroin seizure following on operation at London's Heathrow Airport and raids in both countries, officials said.Immigration officials discovered some of the drugs hidden in souvenirs from South Africa at Heathrow, sparking an investigation that netted 360 kilograms of heroin in total, the UK Border Agency said.Seven people have been arrested in both countries over the total seizure, worth $US41 million, the agency said.Thousands of kilograms of cannabis were also discovered, the agency said."This latest detection of heroin at Heathrow, believed to be our biggest ever, highlights our success in preventing class A drugs entering the UK," said Philip Astle, the UK Border Agency's Heathrow director.About 165 kilograms were discovered at Heathrow, a record seizure for the world's busiest airport, on September 9 in the consignment of souvenirs.After an investigation, police seized another 80 kilograms and arrested two people in Kent, south-east England, charging one with conspiracy to import drugs and possession, the agency said.Acting on information from Britain, South African police arrested five people, including three British nationals, and seized 115 kilograms of heroin and 6,500 kilograms of cannabis in a warehouse outside Durban. "These seizures are a great example of what can happen when partners work together, said Britain's Serious Organised Crime Agency deputy director Andy Sellers."Both ends of this international chain have been attacked, and a significant amount of heroin and cannabis has been kept off the UK's streets." Staff at Heathrow airport uncovered drugs when they stopped a consignment of souvenirs from South Africa earlier this month.On closer inspection, they found 165kg of heroin hidden in the goods.
Officials from the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) were alerted and a house was raided in Maidstone, Kent, where more heroin was discovered.
There have also been searches in Durban, South Africa, where further drug finds were made.A total of 360kg of heroin has now been recovered, as well as 6,500kg of herbal cannabis resin.The estimated street value of the drugs is £25m.Seven people have been arrested, including five in South Africa and two in Britain.Sky's home affairs correspondent Mark White said: "This is being hailed as a great success for the UK Border Agency which, in conjunction with SOCA, managed to thwart what was a huge shipment of the class A drug heroin into the UK."The agency claims to have managed to intercept an international drug smuggling ring, he added.The discovery of the heroin was made a week ago but details of the bust were kept secret while operations were still active.

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Brighton,known as the "drugs death capital" of the UK, with per capita mortality rates higher than any other city.

Brighton,known as the "drugs death capital" of the UK, with per capita mortality rates higher than any other city. The city has held this unwanted title for six out of the last eight years – despite costly intervention schemes and dedicated work by police and health services to reduce drug supply and demand.With this – and an estimated 2,300 injecting heroin users – in mind, it's hard to fault Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust for agreeing to support a trial centre, and when I heard about the project, I jumped at the chance to join the nursing team.So, I've been giving people heroin for the last two years. People have often asked me if I think the treatment works. I do. I've seen it first-hand. But until yesterday, you would have had to take my word for it. Now scientifically rigorous evidence is out there.Our trial participants were all long-term heroin addicts who had failed to benefit from existing treatment options. They continued to inject heroin daily, or on most days, and their drug use was considered intractable. In my experience, many had little hope for their own recovery.The results show that, of those receiving injectable heroin, a substantial majority had either dramatically reduced their illicit heroin use or ceased altogether after six months' treatment, although marked improvements were seen after just six weeks. The average weekly spend on illicit heroin, per client, dropped from £300 to £50.The cost of injectable heroin treatment is estimated at £15,000 per person annually, compared to regular methadone treatment at about £3,000. It looks expensive, but if you add in the crime bill, this group of people actually costs less to treat with heroin than with oral methadone. Prison, which has limited therapeutic benefits, costs £44,000 a year. Not treating this group of people at all also comes with a massive bill. Estimates of an annual drug expenditure of £15,000 to £30,000 per addict are not uncommon. If this sum is to be raised through acquisitive crime, as is often the case, goods worth perhaps three times that value need to be stolen.Trial participants showed gains in physical and mental health, social functioning and, I can report anecdotally, self-respect. Almost all of the clients at my clinic have chosen to stop injecting twice a day and only come once in the morning. Two are living drug free. And nobody died.

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Mobile phones and SIM cards have been found in cells at Bristol Prison

Mobile phones and SIM cards have been found in cells at Bristol Prison an average of three times a month, Government figures have revealed.
Officers discovered 18 handsets and 14 SIM cards had been smuggled into the Category B prison in Horfield over the last financial year.
That translates to one in 19 inmates having the potential to make uncontrolled contact with the outside world.
But as the figures only relate to phones and cards found by the authorities, the true scale of the problem could be far greater.
The Liberal Democrats used the records, which were released in Parliament, to claim that prisons were out of control.

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On-duty NHS specialists are set to join a hi-tech government crackdown on the smuggling of class A drugs into the UK

On-duty NHS specialists are set to join a hi-tech government crackdown on the smuggling of class A drugs into the UK by scrutinising live x-rays

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Scheme in which heroin is given to addicts in supervised clinics has led to big reductions in the use of street drugs and crime

Scheme in which heroin is given to addicts in supervised clinics has led to big reductions in the use of street drugs and crime, the BBC has learned. More than 100 users took part in the pilot – part funded by the government – in London, Brighton and Darlington. They either injected heroin or received the drug’s substitute methadone. Those given heroin responded best and an independent panel which monitored the scheme over six months are advising ministers to set up further trials. About three-quarters of those given heroin were said to have "substantially" reduced their use of street drugs. Research suggests that between half and two-thirds of all crime in the UK is drug-related. The Home Office says on its website that about three-quarters of crack and heroin users claim they commit crime to feed their habits.
PILOT SCHEME FINDINGS
Three-quarters reduced use of street heroin
Offences down from 1,731 in 30 days to 547 in six months
Spending on drugs down from £300 to £50 a week
Figures for group given heroin Professor John Strang, who led the project, said the results were "very positive" because the scheme had helped cut crime and avoid "expensive" prison sentences. Professor Strang, who is based at the National Addiction Centre, part of King’s Health Partners, said the individuals on the programme were among those who had been the hardest to treat. "It’s as if each of them is an oil tanker heading for disaster and so the purpose of this trial is to see: ‘Can you turn them around Is it possible to avert disaster’ "And the surprising finding – which is good for the individuals and good for society as well – is that you can," he said. The Randomised Injecting Opioid Treatment Trial (RIOTT) programme – which is funded by a number of agencies, including the Department of Health – began in 2005. It involved 127 chronic heroin addicts for whom conventional types of treatment had failed. Many of the addicts were also using other substances, including crack cocaine. During the trials, a third of addicts were given the heroin substitute methadone orally and another third injected methadone under supervision. The remainder, observed by nurses, injected themselves with diamorphine – unadulterated heroin – imported from Switzerland.
National roll-out,Those on the programme were also given psychological support and help with their housing and social needs. The results showed that addicts in all three groups cut the amount of heroin they obtained illicitly from street dealers. According to researchers, more than half of the heroin injecting group were said to be "largely abstinent" and one-in-five did not use street heroin at all. Before they began the programme, the addicts in the heroin injecting group were spending more than £300 a week on street drugs. After six months, this had reduced to an average of £50 a week."It used to be about chasing the buzz, but when you go on the programme you just want to feel comfortable"John, RIOTT participant
There was also a big drop in the number of offences addicts admitted committing to obtain money to feed their habit. In the previous month before the scheme started, addicts in the heroin injecting group reported carrying out 1,731 crimes. After six months, this had fallen to 547 offences – a reduction of more than two-thirds. One of the heroin addicts on the programme, a 34-year-old man called John, had been addicted for eight years when the trials began. He fed his habit by dealing. "My life was just a shambles… waking up, chasing money, chasing drugs," he said.
But John said the scheme had transformed his life "100 per cent" and he now had a part-time job. "It used to be about chasing the buzz, but when you go on the programme you just want to feel comfortable," he said.
"I’ve started reducing my dose gradually, so that maybe in a few months time I’ll be able to come off it altogether, drug free totally." In its drug strategy, published last year, the government said it would "roll out" the prescription of injectible heroin, subject to the findings of the pilot scheme. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse (NTA), which administers drug treatment in England, said the results were "encouraging". The NTA said an independent expert group, set up to advise the government, had concluded that there was enough "positive evidence of the benefits" of the programme to merit further pilots. The NTA is understood to be keen to evaluate the financial implications of the scheme. At £15,000 per user per year, supervised heroin injecting is three times more expensive than other treatments.

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PREGNANT Filipinas are the favorite “carriers” of drug syndicates bringing illegal drugs to China and Malaysia

PREGNANT Filipinas are the favorite “carriers” of drug syndicates bringing illegal drugs to China and Malaysia, according to former labor undersecretary Susan Ople, head of the Blas Ople Policy Center. Ople’s group is helping overseas Filipino workers victimized by drug syndicates. She said these groups use pregnant women as drug mules because they are least to be eyed as couriers and they get lighter penalties if they get arrested

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controversial scheme to give addicts heroin at supervised clinics has led to a reduction in crime.

controversial scheme to give addicts heroin at supervised clinics has led to a reduction in crime. More than a hundred addicts took part in the scheme in London, Brighton and Darlington which was part funded by the government. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8254872.stm
Here's a report by Danny Shaw, the BBC home affairs correspondent:
Is this the right approach to tackling the problem of drugs and crime? If you've been a drug user or the victim of drug related crime are you in favour of this approach? Are you happy with any measures that reduce crime or do you feel that this is an example of society going soft on drug addicts?
In 1994 the Swiss embarked on their Heroin Assisted Treatment project. This resulted in a significant improvement of health (both mentally and physically) for the majority of the over 1200 participants. In addition, a massive reduction in criminal behavior was observed.The HAT outpatient centers are spread over the following Swiss cities : Basel, Bern, Biel, Brugg, Burgdorf, Chur, Geneva, Horgen, Lucerne, Olten, Reinach, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thun, Winterthur, Wetzikon, Zug, Zürich and in two prisons Oberschöngrün (canton Solthurn) and Realtà
The Swiss Federal office for public health reports that :
In many cases, patients’ physical and mental health has improved, their housing situation has become considerably more stable, and they have gradually managed to find employment. Numerous participants have managed to reduce their debts. In most cases, contacts with addicts and the drug scene have decreased. Consumption of non-prescribed substances declined significantly in the course of treatment.
Dramatic changes have been seen in the situation regarding crime. While the proportion of patients who obtained their income from illegal or borderline activities at the time of enrollment was 70%, the figure after 18 months of HAT was only 10%.Each year, between 180 and 200 patients discontinue HAT. Of these patients, 35-45% are transferred to methadone maintenance, and 23-27% to abstinence-based treatment.The average costs per patient-day at outpatient treatment centers in 1998 came to CHF 51. The overall economic benefit - based on savings in criminal investigations and prison terms and on improvements in health - was calculated to be CHF 96. After deduction of costs, the net benefit is CHF 45 per patient-day.

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